Since the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, Xinjiang's coal production and external transportation volume have seen significant growth, rapidly increasing their proportion in the national total. Xinjiang has actively integrated into the unified and open national market, playing a vital role in ensuring a stable coal supply nationwide. This paper briefly discusses Xinjiang's coal resource endowment, current status of coal production and development, overall situation of "Xinjiang coal external transportation," and railway transportation pattern. Based on the approved overall planning of coal mining areas in Xinjiang, the analysis indicates that Xinjiang's coal resource development potential is immense. On this basis, combined with the national coal production and development layout, as well as domestic demand in Xinjiang, the trend of Xinjiang's coal production and development is assessed. Further analysis shows that with the enhancement of Xinjiang coal external transportation channel capacity and the increase in major market demand for Xinjiang coal, the volume of Xinjiang coal external transportation is expected to see a significant increase, increasingly integrating into the unified national market.